Citeable source library

The research, in context.

Selected references that name and examine the linked ingredients. Read each study in context, including its formulation, participants and limitations.

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Laboratory research

Protective effects of SnF2 - Part III. Mechanism of barrier layer attachment.

International dental journal · 2014

Laboratory and human research

Quantitative assessment of primary skin irritants in vitro in a cytotoxicity model: comparison with in vivo human irritation tests.

The British journal of dermatology · 2001

Human topical research

Unexpected skin barrier influence from nonionic emulsifiers.

International journal of pharmaceutics · 2000

Human exposure research · n=58

The impact of atopic status on a predictive human test of skin irritation potential.

Contact dermatitis · 1996

Laboratory and human research

Antiplaque, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties of triclosan mouthrinses in combination with zinc citrate or polyvinylmethylether maleic acid (PVM-MA) copolymer.

European journal of oral sciences · 1996

Human safety research

Food and food additives in severe atopic dermatitis.

Allergy · 1989

Human topical research · n=16

Processing and statistical analysis of laser Doppler data applied to the assessment of systemic anti-inflammatory drugs.

Journal of dermatological science · 1991

Human oral care research · n=20

Demineralization and remineralization around orthodontic appliances: an in vivo study.

American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics · 1987

Human topical research

Skin moisturizing effects of panthenol-based formulations.

Journal of cosmetic science · 2011

Human topical research

Microfine zinc oxide is a superior sunscreen ingredient to microfine titanium dioxide.

Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.] · 2000

Human oral research · n=20

Effects of controlled exposure of sunlight on plasma and skin levels of beta-carotene.

Free radical research · 1996

Human exposure research · n=19

Disposition and metabolism of topically administered alpha-tocopherol acetate: a common ingredient of commercially available sunscreens and cosmetics.

Nutrition and cancer · 1996

Human oral research · n=70

Oral Intake of Rice Bran Oil Enriched With γ-Oryzanol and Phytosterol Esters Improves Skin Conditions: A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Comparative Study.

The Journal of dermatology · 2026

Human research on a combination

Short-term skin reactions and changes in stratum corneum following different ways of facial sheet mask usage.

Journal of tissue viability · 2024

Human topical research · n=76

Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment.

Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD · 2011

Human topical research · n=21

Double-blind, Randomized Trial on the Effectiveness of Acetylhexapeptide-3 Cream and Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4 Cream for Crow's Feet.

The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology · 2023

Human topical research · n=21

The ability of betaine to reduce the irritating effects of detergents assessed visually, histologically and by bioengineering methods.

Skin research and technology · 2003

Human topical research · n=100

A Randomized Controlled Study Comparing the Efficacy of Topical 5% Tranexamic Acid Solution versus 3% Hydroquinone Cream in Melasma.

Journal of cutaneous and aesthetic surgery · 2019

Laboratory and human research · n=73

Topical treatment with coenzyme Q10-containing formulas improves skin's Q10 level and provides antioxidative effects.

BioFactors · 2015

Human topical research

Formulation, characterization, and efficacy of an adenosine-containing dissolvable film for a localized anti-wrinkle effect.

Journal of cosmetic science · 2007

Human topical research · n=126

Evaluation of anti-wrinkle efficacy of adenosine-containing products using the FOITS technique.

International journal of cosmetic science · 2006

Human topical research

Citric acid increases viable epidermal thickness and glycosaminoglycan content of sun-damaged skin.

Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.] · 1997

Laboratory research

The Mechanism of Protective Action of Plant-Derived Squalane (2,6,10,15,19,23-Hexamethyltetracosane) Against UVA Radiation-Induced Apoptosis in Human Dermal Fibroblasts.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025

Laboratory research

Photostabilization of butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (Avobenzone) and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate by bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine (Tinosorb S), a new UV broadband filter.

Photochemistry and photobiology · 2001

Human exposure research

Anti-microbial and -inflammatory activity and efficacy of phytosphingosine: an in vitro and in vivo study addressing acne vulgaris.

International journal of cosmetic science · 2007

Laboratory research

Trehalose Prevents IL-4/IL-13-Induced Skin Barrier Impairment by Suppressing IL-33 Expression and Increasing NRF2 Activation in Human Keratinocytes In Vitro.

The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2025

Human research on a combination · n=40

Anti-aging and filling efficacy of six types hyaluronic acid based dermo-cosmetic treatment: double blind, randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety.

Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2014

The research, in context.

Protective effects of SnF2 - Part III. Mechanism of barrier layer attachment.

Quantitative assessment of primary skin irritants in vitro in a cytotoxicity model: comparison with in vivo human irritation tests.

Unexpected skin barrier influence from nonionic emulsifiers.

The impact of atopic status on a predictive human test of skin irritation potential.

Antiplaque, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties of triclosan mouthrinses in combination with zinc citrate or polyvinylmethylether maleic acid (PVM-MA) copolymer.

Food and food additives in severe atopic dermatitis.

Processing and statistical analysis of laser Doppler data applied to the assessment of systemic anti-inflammatory drugs.

Demineralization and remineralization around orthodontic appliances: an in vivo study.

Skin moisturizing effects of panthenol-based formulations.

Microfine zinc oxide is a superior sunscreen ingredient to microfine titanium dioxide.

Effects of controlled exposure of sunlight on plasma and skin levels of beta-carotene.

Disposition and metabolism of topically administered alpha-tocopherol acetate: a common ingredient of commercially available sunscreens and cosmetics.

Oral Intake of Rice Bran Oil Enriched With γ-Oryzanol and Phytosterol Esters Improves Skin Conditions: A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Comparative Study.

Short-term skin reactions and changes in stratum corneum following different ways of facial sheet mask usage.

Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment.

Double-blind, Randomized Trial on the Effectiveness of Acetylhexapeptide-3 Cream and Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4 Cream for Crow's Feet.

The ability of betaine to reduce the irritating effects of detergents assessed visually, histologically and by bioengineering methods.

A Randomized Controlled Study Comparing the Efficacy of Topical 5% Tranexamic Acid Solution versus 3% Hydroquinone Cream in Melasma.

Topical treatment with coenzyme Q10-containing formulas improves skin's Q10 level and provides antioxidative effects.

Formulation, characterization, and efficacy of an adenosine-containing dissolvable film for a localized anti-wrinkle effect.

Evaluation of anti-wrinkle efficacy of adenosine-containing products using the FOITS technique.

Citric acid increases viable epidermal thickness and glycosaminoglycan content of sun-damaged skin.

The Mechanism of Protective Action of Plant-Derived Squalane (2,6,10,15,19,23-Hexamethyltetracosane) Against UVA Radiation-Induced Apoptosis in Human Dermal Fibroblasts.

Photostabilization of butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (Avobenzone) and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate by bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine (Tinosorb S), a new UV broadband filter.

In vivo Human Skin Penetration of the UV Filter Ethylhexyl Triazone: Effect of Lipid Microparticle Encapsulation.

Skin protection against ultraviolet induced free radicals with ascorbyl palmitate in microemulsions.

Contact allergy to beeswax and propolis among patients with cheilitis or facial dermatitis.

Anti-microbial and -inflammatory activity and efficacy of phytosphingosine: an in vitro and in vivo study addressing acne vulgaris.

Trehalose Prevents IL-4/IL-13-Induced Skin Barrier Impairment by Suppressing IL-33 Expression and Increasing NRF2 Activation in Human Keratinocytes In Vitro.

Anti-aging and filling efficacy of six types hyaluronic acid based dermo-cosmetic treatment: double blind, randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety.